Posted February 7, 2025 | By: Dexter Lethbridge

Winter can be tough on a forage stand in the Canadian Prairies. Whether the stand was planted last spring or has been established for a few years, it is always a good idea to evaluate the stand during the spring season.

While it has been cold for part of the winter, there have been bouts of milder weather in many areas. These have melted the snow cover and exposed the ground, and wind can compound the problem. Snow cover is essential for protecting plants in forage fields and pastures from the damaging effects of winter kill. 

Given the mild to cold temperatures we’ve experienced in winter weather in recent years, it’s even more critical for forage producers to take the time to evaluate stands.

Winter damage can be particularly concerning for forage stands, which have many tap-rooted species like alfalfa. Forage producers should ensure that stands are greening up nicely come spring; if not, they can make plans for any adjustments for the upcoming season.

In alfalfa specifically, one of the key ways to assess the damage or risk of damage from winter kill is to evaluate the crowns and roots to determine their health. To evaluate, select multiple areas and carefully dig up the plants to observe the crowns and roots. A healthy crown should be large, symmetrical, and have many shoots. To check root health, the root needs to be cut in half lengthwise to observe its colour. The plant has excellent winter survival if the roots exhibit a nice off-white colour. However, winter survival may be limited if the roots show significant discoloration. See the chart below for more details.

Source: University of Wisconsin-Madison.

While weather plays a significant role in determining whether a forage stand will survive, selecting alfalfa varieties with strong winter hardiness is also crucial. Winter hardiness measures an alfalfa plant’s ability to endure the winter without injury and supports overwintering.

Proven Seed offers several alfalfa variants known for strong winter hardiness. Spredor 5 alfalfa is an excellent option for single-cut harvests with outstanding winter hardiness. If you’re looking for a winter-hardy option for one- or two-cut alfalfa, consider Proven Seed's new alfalfa, PV Prestige, launching in spring 2025.